India's primary grain crop is wheat. The majority of Indian wheat is a soft/medium hard, medium protein, white bread wheat, slightly resembling hard white wheat from the United States. Hard, high-protein, and high-gluten wheat is mainly cultivated in central and western India.
Approximately 1.0–1.2 million tons of durum wheat are also produced in India, primarily in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Due to issues with segregation in the market yards, the majority of Indian durum is not marketed individually. However, the private trade pays more for particular volumes, primarily to handle more expensive/branded items.
Wheat is a crop that can only be grown during the chilly seasons. Poor tillering and early heading are caused by higher temperatures during the early stages of the crop. Increased warmth during the filling stage of the grain causes early ripening and reduces grain weight.
Wheat can be cultivated on all types of soils, with the exception of severely degraded alkaline and water-logged soils. The best soils to plant durum wheat are those with a medium to fine texture.
Best Wheat Varieties for Farmers
Check out some of the best wheat varieties developed by IIWBR for different weather conditions;
1. DDW 47 (Durum Variety)
High yellow pigment and outstanding final product quality for prompt sowing in a constrained irrigation environment in the Central Zone. Recommended for sowing in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan (Kota and Udaipur divisions) and Uttar Pradesh (Jhansi division).
Outstanding nutritional and product quality
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In comparison to check variety HI8627's (5.63) relatively low yellow pigment level, DDW 47 has a very high yellow pigment content of 7.57ppm, making it the best genotype for all pasta quality parameters.
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The significant demand for high-yellow pigment wheat in the pasta business makes DDW 47 a valuable tool for paying farmers a fair price.
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DDW 47 (12.69%) has the highest protein content of any variety in this region.
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DDW 47 has a larger grain iron concentration than the other accessible variant, HI8627.
Production condition: Timely sown under irrigated conditions.
Salient features:
Seed yield – 37.3 q/ha
Potential Yield-74.1.6q/ha
Plant height – 84 cm
Maturity (days):121 (118-121)
Higher yellow pigment content of 7.57 ppm; Suitable for good quality pasta with high pasta acceptability score (7.9).
Excellent Yield Trial Results
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DDW 47 was shown to perform better in terms of yield than the other types in low-water circumstances.
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When compared to the best check variety HI8627's yield of 62 q/ha, DDW 47's yield potential is considerable (74.1 q/ha).
Disease Resistant/ Tolerance:
The proposed variety DDW 47 is highly resistant to black and brown rusts. For other diseases and insect pests, it expressed better resistance than other varieties available.
2. DBW222 (Karan Narendra)
Recommend for timely irrigated sowing conditions throughout Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur Divisions), Western U.P. (except Jhansi Division), Jammu and Kathua district of Jammu, and Parts of H.P. (Una Dist. and Paonta Valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region).
Production condition: Timely sown under irrigated conditions.
Salient features:
Seed yield – 61.3 q/ha
Potential Yield-82.1q/ha
Plant height- 103 (98-108)
Flowering - 95 days (Range: 89-103 days)
Maturity (days): 143 (139-150)
Disease Resistant/ Tolerance: this variety is resistant towards stripe and leaf rust, highly resistant to Karal Bunt (9.1%) disease and loose smut (4.9%).
3.DBW187 (Karan Vandana)
Recommended for irrigated timely sown conditions of NWPZ comprising of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions) and Western U.P. (except Jhansi division), Jammu and Kathua district of Jammu and parts of H.P. (Una district and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region).
Production condition: Timely sown under irrigated conditions.
Salient features:
Seed yield – 61.3 q/ha
Potential Yield- 96.6 q/ha
Plant height – 105 cm
Flowering - 99 days (Range: 94-103 days)
Maturity (days): 148 days (Range: 139-157 days)
Disease Resistant/ Tolerance: Resistant to stripe and leaf rust, highly resistant to wheat blast, moderate resistance to Karnal bunt and tolerance to loose smut.
4. DBW 187(Karan Vandana)
Recommended for irrigated timely sown conditions of NEPZ comprising of central and eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam and plains of North-Eastern states.
Production condition: Timely sown under irrigated conditions.
Salient features:
Seed yield – 48.8 q/ha
Potential Yield-64.7q/ha
Plant height – 100 cm
Flowering:77 days (Range: 76-80 days)
Maturity: 120 days (Range: 118-124 days)
Good biscuit spread factor (8.6cm), High Fe content (43.1 ppm), amenable to varied agronomical conditions and less yield reduction under late sown conditions.
Disease Resistant/ Tolerance: Resistant for brown & yellow rusts, foliar blights & wheat blasts, moderate resistance to Karnal bunt and tolerance to loose smut.
5. DBW252 (Karan Shriya)
Released for commercial cultivation under timely sown, restricted irrigation condition of North Eastern Plains Zone comprising Eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and plains of NE states.
Production condition: Timely sown, restricted irrigated conditions
Salient features:
Average Yield: 36.7 q/ha
Potential yield: 55.6 q/ha
Days to heading: 81 days (65-95 days)
Days to maturity: 127 days (100-147 days)
Plant Height: 98 cm (82-112 cm)
Requires only 1 irrigation.
Highly tolerant to drought (0.74 DSI) stress
Better grain, product making and nutritional qualities compared to existing cultivars. The presence of 5+10 subunits of GluD-1 reflects its higher gluten strength.
Disease Resistant/ Tolerance: Highly resistant to wheat blast (Av 2.5%), leaf rust (3.4ACI) and Karnal bunt (5.1%).
