A green revolution is quietly unfolding in Indore, a city celebrated for its cleanliness. The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) has established Asia’s largest municipal solid waste-based facility— the GOBARdhan plant— inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2022. This remarkable facility converts household waste into Bio-CNG, producing 17,000 kilograms of clean, green energy daily. But beyond the technology, the GOBARdhan plant is a testament to human innovation, collective effort, and the pursuit of a more sustainable future.
About GOBARdhan Initiative: Waste to Wealth
The GOBARdhan (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan) initiative, launched in 2018 as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen), aims to transform organic waste into renewable energy and organic manure. The initiative aligns with Prime Minister Modi’s vision for a circular economy, where resources are reused and waste is minimized. The Indore plant is a shining example of this mission in action, taking organic waste like animal manure, crop residue, and kitchen scraps to produce Bio-CNG and compost.
Swabhav Swachhata Sanskaar Swachhata Campaign
In conjunction with the GOBARdhan initiative, the Swabhav Swachhata Sanskaar Swachhata (4S) campaign celebrates the 10th anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission. Running from September 17 to October 2, 2024, the campaign coincides with the annual Swachhata Hi Seva movement. As a precursor to Swachh Bharat Diwas, the campaign highlights India’s dedication to improving sanitation and waste management.
How the GOBARdhan Plant Works
Indore’s GOBARdhan plant is a marvel of engineering and environmental management. Organic waste, collected from homes and markets, arrives at the plant each morning. Teams of operators, electricians, and fitters process the waste, converting it into Bio-CNG through an intricate series of steps. First, the waste is screened and pulped into slurry before being fed into anaerobic digesters. Here, microorganisms break down the organic material to produce biogas, which is then compressed into Bio-CNG, a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels.
Technology and Sustainability at the Forefront
The Indore GOBARdhan plant operates with fully automated systems, making it a model of how technology can revolutionize waste management. Beyond producing Bio-CNG, the plant generates over 100 tonnes of high-quality compost daily, which is supplied to local farms. This closed-loop system not only supports sustainable agriculture but also reduces the need for chemical fertilizers, enhancing soil health and promoting eco-friendly farming practices.
Environmental Impact: Reducing Carbon Emissions
One of the most significant contributions of the GOBARdhan plant is its impact on reducing carbon dioxide emissions. By converting organic waste into energy, the plant prevents an estimated 130,000 tonnes of CO2 from entering the atmosphere each year. This diversion of waste from landfills also helps reduce methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, thereby contributing to India’s overall climate goals.
Ensuring Safety and Operational Efficiency
Safety is paramount at the GOBARdhan plant. Workers, including technicians and quality control teams, are provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and undergo regular safety drills to maintain a high level of operational efficiency. Their coordinated efforts ensure that the plant produces high yields of Bio-CNG and compost while adhering to strict environmental and safety standards.
GOBARdhan’s National Impact: Expanding Across India
Indore’s plant is part of a broader national movement. The GOBARdhan initiative has registered over 1,300 biogas plants across India, with 870 currently operational. These plants help reduce landfill waste and provide farmers with an additional income stream. Farmers can sell their waste for processing or use bio-slurry as a high-quality organic fertilizer, supporting sustainable agriculture and rural livelihoods.
Moreover, the initiative has led to the development of compressed biogas (CBG) plants, with 743 plants registered, of which 106 are already functional. These CBG plants play a crucial role in promoting sustainable transportation and reducing India’s reliance on imported natural gas, while also creating job opportunities in waste management and biogas production.
Contribution to Climate Goals and Energy Security
The GOBARdhan initiative is instrumental in supporting India’s climate objectives, including those outlined in the Paris Agreement. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the scheme contributes to a cleaner environment while boosting local economies. The production of CBG as an alternative to fossil fuels enhances India’s energy security, reducing the nation’s dependence on imported natural gas.
The future of GOBARdhan looks promising, with the Indian government making significant investments in the sector. The Union Budget 2023 allocated Rs 10,000 crore for the development of 500 new “Waste to Wealth” plants. This financial support is expected to further boost India’s clean energy infrastructure, paving the way for more biogas and CBG plants across the country.
(Inputs taken from PIB)
