A thick blanket of smog covered the Delhi and NCR after the air quality dipped further with rising in the pollution level. The coming week can be more critical as Diwali celebrations and an unpleasant weather situation could further choke the capital. Cool winds shall blow across the city with the minimum temperature recorded at 6.6 degrees Celsius. Dense fog shall lead to low visibility, adversely hampering road, rail, and air services. The fog also disrupts operations at the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport, with many flights being delayed and others cancelled due to heavy fog.
Reports in television, radio and print media featured as headlines that Delhi International Airport Limited, the operator of the IGI Airport, said in a statement that six flights were cancelled due to the prevalence of fog in the national capital. One flight was cancelled due to bad weather at the destination airport and 18 operations were curtailed because of technical or operational reasons with the airlines. In terms of delays, passengers of 102 flights suffered due to fog at IGI airport. Six flights were delayed due to technical or operational reasons with the airlines.
IGI airport faced unprecedented fog from 0400 hrs to 1100 hrs. During this time, almost all flight operations were affected as the visibility of runway 29 and 28 were lower than the prescribed minimum for flying in Cat III B conditions (below 50 m). Though aviation industry and the regulatory bodies on their part had been successful in incorporating appropriate measures to ensure passenger safety and operations, to date unable to resolve the biggest disruptor of this vital industry - FOG.
Fog is more likely to intensify in an environment with high concentrations of aerosols laden surface air under high humidity ranging from under saturated to super saturated conditions. This issue is even more manifested in the NCR for two primary reasons. One, its location in the semi arid climate zone in north India and two, a very high particulate pollution emitted from the industries, coal based power plants and vehicular emissions. It is mostly prevailing for all the metro cities throughout India.
This is because aerosols act as nuclei for water vapor to condense onto and therefore for is more likely to occur in an environment with high concentrations of these hygroscopic aerosols.
The technology of influencing the atmospheric process, is based on the principal of transforming meteorological formations, by creation of convection air flow in the atmosphere, by injecting electrons (negatively charged oxygen ions) from `Ion Generators` for air ionization. In the first step, electrons formed due to corona discharge, are moving up from the ion generators by pulling the neutral air molecules and creating so called electric wind. Then when the energy and velocity of the electrons gets reduced, air molecules (primarily water molecules due to their dipole nature) attracted and coupled to electrons, transform electrons into air ions and help move upwards, by the electric field.
Formation of these molecular complexes (air ions) is accompanied by allocation of heat energy. This process leads to expansion of environmental air, which starts to rise and create convective air stream. All mass of ionized air starts to rise upwards as it become more warmly compare with atmospheric surrounding air which is not subject to ionization. Alongside with these processes, electric forces take part in creation of convective air stream. The repulsion of equally negative charged molecular complexes creates additional vertical movement. A terrestrial surface, which has negative charge, participates in process as well.
The molecular complexes start condensing during the uprising at the top troposphere layers. This movement is accompanied by allocation of steam heat formation. Due to that, the ionized air stream continues to remain more warmly comparing to environmental atmospheric air and keeps the vertical movement. At higher altitudes, as temperature is cooler, convective streams, carrying greater amount of water moisture, gets condensed, facilitating cloud formation or enhancing existing clouds with more moisture to achieve adequate saturation, to precipitate as rain.
The upward air streams cause the compensating downward air streams that enforce dissipation of clouds and fog. The upward air stream height and intensity are adjusted according to the current tasks by setting tasks for the territory being handled. In such a way, it is possible to provide contrary effects when needed: to enforce precipitation or to dissipate clouds and fogs.
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