The guidelines by WHO highlight the importance of consuming a diverse range of nutritious foods and limiting unhealthy dietary habits. With the changes in the environment and lifestyle, it is important to understand and shift our dietary habits.
Key Components of a Healthy Diet
According to the WHO, a healthy diet should include the following components:
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Fruits and Vegetables: Consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. These are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants.
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Whole Grains: Choose whole grains over refined grains, as they contain more fiber and nutrients. Examples include brown rice, whole wheat bread, and quinoa.
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Legumes: Add leguminous vegetables to your diet as they are rich sources of protein, fiber, and essential nutrients.
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Nuts and Seeds: Nuts and seeds are nutrient-dense and can be enjoyed as snacks or added to meals. They provide healthy fats, fiber, and plant-based protein.
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Unsaturated Fats: Consume unsaturated fats in avocados, olive oil, nuts, and seeds. These fats are beneficial for heart health.
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Limited Intake of Saturated and Trans Fats: Reduce your intake of saturated and trans fats in red meat, processed foods, and palm oil. These fats can increase your risk of heart disease.
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Sugar: Limit your intake of added sugars in processed foods, sugary drinks, and desserts. Excessive sugar consumption can contribute to weight gain and other health problems.
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Salt: Reduce your salt intake to prevent high blood pressure. Limit your consumption of processed foods, which are often high in sodium.
Dietary Guidelines for Various Age Groups:
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Children and Adolescents: Ensure that children and adolescents consume a balanced diet to support their growth and development. Encourage them to eat a variety of foods and limit their intake of unhealthy snacks and sugary drinks.
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Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: Pregnant and breastfeeding women need increased nutrient intake to support the health of their babies and themselves. Consume adequate amounts of protein, iron, calcium, and folic acid.
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Older Adults: As people age, their nutritional needs may change. The nutrition profile must be balanced and the food should be easily digestible.
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Chronic Disease Patients: People with chronic diseases, such as diabetes or heart disease, may require specific dietary adjustments.
The WHO emphasizes the importance of other lifestyle factors for optimal health. These include regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
