Green Gram Cultivation

Green gram is important pulse crop. It is very rich source of high quality protein. It is quite common in India and Central Asia. Green gram is consumed as sprout, whole grain and dal. Its cultivation is suitable for all three seasons (kharif, Rabi and summer). It is relevant to many multiple and intercropping systems.

India

1 June - 31 July
Odisha Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Rajasthan Bihar

Common name- Moong daal or moong beans

Botanical name: Vigna radiata

Origin: India and central Asia

Introduction:

Green gram is popularly known as Moong dal.
It is an oval shaped bean, green in color.
India is the largest producer and consumer of Green Gram. It is commonly cultivated throughout India.
In India, it is consumed in the form of split pulse and whole pulse.

Nutrition:

Green gram is rich in protein.
Green gram provides sufficient amount of fiber and iron.
As green gram is high in fiber, it is very easy to digest. Controlling blood pressure is another benefit of green gram.

Climate:

Warm and humid atmosphere suits to the cultivation green gram.
Temperature should be between 25°C to 35°C along with that moderate rain is required.
On other hand water logging and cloudy weather is harmful for the crop.

Season:

Green gram is mainly kharif season crop.
March-June period is quite suitable for the cultivation of green gram.
Cultivation of green gram is however common in all the three seasons.

Soil:

Maximum types of soils are suitable for the cultivation of green gram.
Soil should have good drainage capacity, for example, loamy soil and sandy loamy soil.
Saline soils and water logging conditions are not appropriate for the cultivation of green gram.

Fertilizers and Manure:

Required fertilizers at the time of sowing:

Phosphorus (P₂O₅): 25-40 Kg/ha

Nitrogen (N): 25 Kg/ha

FYM in the amount of 10 to 15 CL/ha should be included into soil at the time of preparation of soil.

Land preparation:

1 to 2 ploughing is required in field preparation.
Land should be free from weeds and should be well leveled.
After harvesting previous crop, immediate irrigation is required for the summer season crop.
Planking function is also required in summer season; it would help to stop loss of moisture from the soil.

Plant spacing:

In rabi and summer seasons required plant spacing- 30×10cm.
In Kharif season required plant spacing- 45×10cm.

Seed rates:

Kharif season- 12 to 16 Kg/ha.
Rabi and summer season- 20 to 25 Kg/ha.
It is recommended that seed should be sown at least at depth of 5 to 7 cm.

Variety:

CO 1- Duration of this variety is 135 days. It is of long duration and it is also suitable for rainfed.
ADT 1- Duration of this variety is 80 days. It is suitable for rice fallow.
JGG 1- Duration of this variety is 65 days. It can survive in the condition of drought.
KM 1- Duration of this variety is 65 to 70 days. It is tolerant YMV and pod borer.
K1- Duration of this variety is 70to75 days. It is resistant to drought conditions.

Harvesting:

Harvesting green gram on time and in smart way can maximize the quality of crop and minimize the loss of origin.

Harvesting should be done when 85% of pods are fully matured.
After threshing, it is required that seeds are separated and cleaned efficiently.

Irrigation:

As it is a rainfed crop, much irrigation is not required.
Drainage is very crucial for this crop as it is very much sensitive to water logging.
5 to 6 irrigation is required in summer season.
Frequent irrigation is required at an interval of 12-15 days.
Early pod filling and late flowering are very important phases for irrigation.