Heatwaves in India have become a recurring nightmare, with scorching temperatures and uncomfortable nights. The reasons behind this trend are complex and concerning, pointing towards a future with even more intense heat waves. Here is a brief understanding of five key factors contributing to this issue:
Rising Global Temperatures:
Human activities are causing a build-up of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. This traps heat, leading to a rise in global temperatures. While the global average increase is 1.15°C over the past century, India has seen a 0.66°C rise, with a higher increase in the north compared to the south. This trend is expected to continue.
Increased Humidity:
A one-degree rise in temperature can lead to a seven percent increase in atmospheric humidity. This makes sweat evaporate less effectively, hindering the body's natural cooling mechanism. This combination of high temperature and humidity creates a dangerous situation.
Stagnant Air and Winds:
Heatwaves are often accompanied by stagnant air, trapping heat near the ground. Loo, a strong north-westerly wind, further intensifies the heatwave's impact. Conversely, coastal sea breezes can offer some relief. Understanding wind patterns through weather forecasts can help people prepare for the coming conditions.
El Nino and Anticyclones:
The El Nino weather phenomenon can disrupt monsoon patterns, leading to drier conditions and increased heatwave vulnerability. Additionally, the development of anticyclones, high-pressure systems causing air to descend and warm up, can exacerbate heat waves, as seen in the peninsular region of India.
Lack of Western Disturbances:
Western disturbances, cyclonic weather systems originating in the Mediterranean, typically bring some relief from the heat by providing moisture. However, the absence of these disturbances, as seen in northwest India, can lead to a prolonged heatwave.
Take Action to Mitigate Heatwaves:
While the overall trend points towards intensifying heatwaves, there are steps we can take to mitigate their impact:
Urban Planning: Implementing heat-resistant infrastructure like cool roofs and green spaces in cities can help regulate temperatures.
Water Conservation: Preserving water resources is crucial, as water is essential for staying cool and maintaining evaporative cooling mechanisms.
Early Warning Systems: Effective weather forecasting and heatwave alerts can allow people to take precautions and stay safe during extreme heat events.
By acknowledging the causes of heat waves and taking proactive measures, we can build resilience and adapt to this new reality.
