The Malvi camel derives its name from its home region, the Malwa plateau in Madhya Pradesh, specifically the Mandsaur district. Farmers in this area have been rearing camels for generations, relying on them for both transport and milk. While camels are more commonly associated with the deserts of Rajasthan, the Malvi camel thrives in the relatively humid climate of Malwa. Its adaptability makes it an excellent choice for regions that receive more rainfall than the typical camel habitats.
Distinct Appearance and Features
The most striking feature of the Malvi camel is its very light, off-white coat, which stands out against the dusty backdrop of the region. Unlike other camel breeds, the Malvi shows almost no colour variation. It is also smaller in body size compared to other Indian breeds, making it easier to manage while still being strong enough for heavy work.
Males average around 195 cm in height and females slightly taller at about 198 cm. The body length of males is around 256 cm, while females are shorter at 214 cm. Despite their smaller size, they have a strong build, with a heart girth measuring over 230 cm, giving them the stamina needed for long journeys and heavy loads.
Temperament and Adaptability
The Malvi camel is calm and easy to handle, making it suitable even for farmers new to camel rearing. Being from a fairly humid area, it is better adapted to high rainfall regions compared to desert camels.
This makes it an ideal breed for farmers in central and eastern India who wish to keep camels without the challenges of extremely dry climates. The breed is also known for its resistance to trypanosomiasis, a disease that affects many livestock in tropical areas.
Main Uses and Economic Value
For generations, Malvi camels have served as dependable work animals. Males are mainly used for carrying loads, pulling carts, and transporting goods across rural areas. In regions with limited access to motor vehicles, they remain a cost-effective and eco-friendly transport option.
Females are valued for their milk, which is rich in nutrients and can be sold fresh or used in traditional foods. Camel milk is gaining popularity for its health benefits, including being easier to digest for people with lactose intolerance and having medicinal properties that support immunity and control diabetes. By selling camel milk in nearby towns, farmers can supplement their income significantly.
Management and Rearing Practices
Malvi camels are mostly reared under an extensive management system, meaning they graze freely on natural grasslands without the need for expensive feed. A typical herd consists of 50 to 100 camels, with most being females. Each herd has only one breeding male, along with a few young males used as riding or pack animals for the herdsmen.
Seasonal migration is an important part of Malvi camel management. From April to June, they graze near their home villages in Mandsaur district. With the arrival of monsoon rains in July, herds move towards Kota and Jhalawar Patan in southeastern Rajasthan, where fresh grazing is available. By September, they shift again towards urban areas of Madhya Pradesh such as Bhopal, Indore, and Ujjain to sell milk. This movement ensures year-round access to pasture and market opportunities.
Feeding and Care
The Malvi camel thrives on natural grass and requires no special feed, making it one of the most economical large animals to keep. Farmers should ensure access to clean drinking water, especially during the summer months. Although camels can go for several days without water, regular access improves their health and milk production. Occasional deworming and vaccination against common livestock diseases will help maintain herd health.
Breeding and Reproduction
Malvi camels have a parturition interval of around 24 months, meaning females usually give birth every two years. While this is slower compared to some livestock, the long working life of camels often up to 20 years makes them a sustainable investment. Calves are usually born during cooler months, and farmers should provide some shelter to protect them from rain and cold in the early weeks.
Income Opportunities for Farmers
The Malvi camel offers multiple ways for farmers to earn. Selling milk in towns can provide a steady income, especially as demand for camel milk grows. Hiring camels for transport work during harvest seasons can bring additional earnings. For small farmers, rearing even a few camels alongside other livestock diversifies income sources and reduces dependency on a single product.
The Malvi camel is more than just a work animal; it is a part of rural life in the Malwa region, supporting families with transport, milk, and even resilience against changing weather patterns. Its low maintenance needs, disease resistance, and ability to thrive in humid conditions make it an excellent choice for farmers beyond traditional camel-rearing areas. By preserving and promoting this unique breed, farmers not only secure their livelihoods but also protect a valuable part of India’s livestock heritage.
