Pusa Bahar: High-Yielding Marigold Variety for Winter Blooming and Lucrative Farming in Northern India

Marigolds hold a special place in floriculture due to their vibrant blooms, ease of cultivation, and diverse applications in ornamental landscaping. Among the notable varieties, Pusa Bahar, an African marigold variety developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), stands out for its striking yellow flowers, vigorous growth, and adaptability to the northern plains of India. It has gained popularity for its floriferous nature and high ornamental value, making it a preferred choice for gardeners, landscapers, and commercial flower cultivators.

Pusa Bahar was initially released in 2015 by the Division of Floriculture and Landscaping at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), a renowned institution recognized for its contributions to agricultural innovation. In 2017, it received extended recognition for cultivation specifically in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi and other regions across the northern plains of India. 

Developed as part of IARI’s ongoing efforts to boost floricultural productivity and diversify ornamental plant varieties, Pusa Bahar is particularly notable for its resilience to extreme winter conditions, making it highly suitable for northern Indian climates.

Pusa Bahar: Botanical Characteristics

Growth Habit and Plant Structure

Pusa Bahar belongs to the African marigold (Tagetes erecta) group, characterized by:

• Plant Vigour: Exhibits strong vegetative growth, attaining a height of 75-85 cm.

• Stem Structure: Sturdy stems capable of supporting abundant flower production.

Flowering Time and Blooming Pattern

• Flowering Time: This variety of flowers start flowering within 90-100 days after sowing.

• Profuse Blooming: Produces numerous flowers during peak winter months (January to March), ensuring extended visual appeal in gardens and landscapes.

• Compact Flowers: Blooms are well-formed, flattened, and aesthetically appealing.

Flower Traits and Coloration

• Size: Large flowers with a diameter of 8-9 cm, significantly enhancing decorative impact.

• Color: Vibrant yellow shade (RHS Yellow Group: 9A).

• Floral Density: Highly floriferous, with each plant bearing 50-60 flowers on average.

The bright yellow blooms of Pusa Bahar are particularly striking in winter settings, making the variety highly desirable for seasonal floral displays.

Pusa Bahar: Agronomic Suitability and Uses

Ideal Climatic Conditions

Pusa Bahar is best suited for northern plains, specifically regions with:

• Cold Winters: The variety thrives during the peak winter season, flowering profusely from January to March.

• Moderate Temperatures: Well-adapted to Indian climatic conditions where temperature fluctuations are common.

Recommended Uses

1. Garden Bedding: The variety is widely used for public and private gardens, contributing to vibrant landscapes.

2. Floral Decorations: Ideal for bouquets, floral garlands, religious offerings, and ornamental arrangements.

3. Winter Displays: Provides continuous blooming in winter months, ensuring aesthetic enhancement during the colder season.

4. Commercial Cultivation: Due to its high flower yield, Pusa Bahar is a preferred choice for floriculture-based business ventures.

Cultivation and Production Practices

Sowing Guidelines

• The ideal sowing window in northern plains is mid-October to mid-November, ensuring timely winter blooming.

• Seeds should be sown in well-drained soil, under conditions promoting healthy root and stem development.

Soil and Water Requirements

• Prefers well-drained loamy soil rich in organic matter.

• Requires regular watering but must avoid waterlogging, which can hinder plant growth.

Optimal Flowering Period

• The variety flowers profusely from mid-January to March end.

• Ensuring optimal fertilization and moderate irrigation can extend the blooming duration.

Yield Potential

• Per Plant: Produces 50-60 flowers on average.

• Per Hectare: Achieves a high yield of 25-30 tons of flowers, making it commercially viable.

Economic Significance

Market Demand and Profitability

The high-yielding nature of Pusa Bahar contributes significantly to:

• Commercial Floriculture: Due to its consistent blooming and high productivity, farmers can expect good returns from cultivation.

• Export Potential: High-quality blooms have potential for domestic and international floral trade.

• Local Distribution: Frequently used in religious ceremonies, wedding decorations, and festive arrangements, ensuring steady demand in local markets.

Advantages Over Other Marigold Varieties

• Extended Blooming Period: Its ability to flower in extreme winter months makes it unique.

• Higher Yield per Plant: Compared to traditional marigold varieties, Pusa Bahar exhibits higher flower production.

• Improved Visual Appeal: Compact, large blooms ensure better market value and aesthetic enhancement.

Pusa Bahar, a standout African marigold variety, thrives in northern India’s climate. Known for its high yield, vibrant blooms, and adaptability, it’s ideal for landscaping, floral decorations, and commercial cultivation. With proper management, it offers great potential for floriculturists and enhances the horticultural industry.