Reducing emissions in cities is vital for global energy and climate objectives, states a recent report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), highlighting the crucial role of digital solutions in managing consumption patterns and optimizing infrastructure.
Presented at the G7 Climate, Energy, and Environment Ministerial Meeting in Turin, Italy, the report, titled "Empowering Urban Energy Transitions: Smart Cities and Smart Grids," is the third installment in the flagship series from IEA's Digital Demand-Driven Electricity Networks Initiative (3DEN). Acknowledged by ministers in their directive, the report delves into innovative projects worldwide, offering insights on enhancing power systems in urban areas.
3DEN, backed by Italy's Ministry of Environment and Energy Security, aims to accelerate progress in power system modernization. Following a successful initial phase, the initiative will continue its work into a second phase starting in 2025.
The report underscores the necessity for cities to elevate their ambitions, particularly in energy efficiency, to meet targets set at the COP28 climate change conference. While some cities have made steps through sustainability and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction targets, more must follow suit. Cities currently contribute three-quarters of global energy consumption and 70% of greenhouse gas emissions, a figure expected to rise. Yet, only a fifth of cities have committed to achieving net-zero emissions.
Urbanization is on the rise, with projections indicating an equivalent land area of Germany, Italy, and Japan will be added by 2050. This growth, coupled with climate change, presents challenges, especially during heat waves when electricity consumption spikes. The report notes that digital solutions, making electricity networks more flexible, can alleviate strains on infrastructure. However, increased investment is imperative. On a global net-zero pathway, annual grid investment needs to more than double by 2030 to USD 750 billion, with a focus on expanding and digitalizing distribution grids.
Aligned planning timelines are crucial to mitigate power outages and expedite renewable energy deployment. Misaligned planning can hinder progress, delaying efforts to improve energy efficiency and leading to higher costs for consumers.
Data accessibility is necessary for making well-informed decisions, which helps to coordinate the development of the power system and cities. Urban environments are ideal for digital solutions because of their density, which promotes economies of scale and infrastructure efficiency. The report anticipates a surge in connected sensors and devices by 2030.
Highlighting the role of G7 countries, the report advocates for international collaboration to foster innovation. It recommends creating conducive environments for scalable pilot projects at the city level and emphasizes integrated urban and power system planning, strengthened by improved data sharing.
The report also showcases 3DEN pilot projects in Brazil, Colombia, India, and Morocco, administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Leveraging advanced digital technologies, these projects aim to enhance energy management, affordability, and grid flexibility.
As national policymakers deliberate on enabling secure clean energy transitions in cities, the report outlines four key themes: prioritizing people in policy-making, supporting data-driven integrated planning, addressing specific focus areas, and embracing strengthened international cooperation.
The IEA report underscores the critical role of digital solutions in curbing emissions in cities, urging concerted efforts towards sustainable urban energy transitions.
